Spatial assessment of climate change vulnerability at city scale: A study in Bangalore,India

Integrating adaptation and mitigation response actions to climate change in urban-level policies requires comprehensive information on vulnerability patterns, yet a majority of local governments and decision makers in various cities in developing nations lack spatially explicit information on climate change vulnerability and its key drivers. In addition, there is no standardised method for an all-inclusive vulnerability assessment at the local level. Results from higher broad-scale vulnerability assessments are difficult to implement conceptually and technically at the local scale. We present a climate change vulnerability assessment approach at the city scale that considers three main components: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Indicators were assessed within each component and were combined using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). The standardisation of indicators under each component was conducted, along with weighting, at each level of the vulnerability assessment hierarchy. The vulnerability assessment approach was applied to an urban area in India; namely, Bangalore metropolitan area. The application of vulnerability assessment approach was demonstrated and a spatial assessment of climate change vulnerability patterns was presented. The spatial pattern of vulnerability identifies areas urgently requiring attention to adaptation action, while vulnerability assessment enables policy intervention and prioritization at local spatial scales. This study presents a rational to integrate vulnerability assessment approach within the urban planning realm in Bangalore metropolitan area where according to our study approximately 91% of the area is facing high degree of climate vulnerability.     

Evading spatial planning law—Case study of poland

Spatial planning is a part of a general system of social and economic planning in Poland. Although it aims at promoting spatial order and sustainable development, it may sometimes stand in contradiction with the interests of various groups and players. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways of evading the planning law system by various actors in Poland. Recent examples are discussed and an assessment of the misused regulations is conducted. Case studies are followed by a general evaluation of the Polish legislative techniques and the planning system. To conclude, the paper outlines the most important recommendations for planners and urban officials to prepare more accurate and precise plans and acts of law in order to improve the legislative technique in spatial planning.     

Unmasking scenario planning: The colonization of the future in the ‘Local Governments of the Future’ program

In the Netherlands, the ‘Local Governments of the Future’ program has been introduced by the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations in 2014, in the context of the ongoing transformation of the Dutch welfare state; more specifically, the transformation of the social care sector. Scenario planning is a major preoccupation in this program and two major reports have been published in this connection. In this article, the authenticity of the scenario planning of the ‘Local Governments of the Future’ program is questioned. It is found that the ‘Local Governments of the Future’ program’s scenario planning is not a real scenario planning but, instead, a continuation of the neoliberal discourse by hegemonic stakeholders that seek to ‘close’ the future. It is concluded in this article that in the ‘Local Governments of the Future’ program the future is colonized and presented as an impersonal trend in which governmental agency for creatively negating and transcending the neoliberal discourse is irrelevant.     

青龙满族自治县景观生态安全格局研究

[目的]引用俞孔坚的景观安全格局理论,借助Arc GIS10、Conefor Sensinode2.2和In VEST2.2.0制图软件构建青龙满族自治县景观生态安全格局,针对景观生态安全格局各组分的分布特点,提出相应的生态规划对策,以期为青龙满族自治县维护生态系统稳定、合理进行生态规划提供借鉴。[方法]首先,综合考虑斑块自身特征属性和外界环境因素,通过景观斑块质量评价来识别源地;其次,根据最小累积阻力模型构建最小累积阻力面并划分为3个最小累积阻力等级,分别对应生态保育区、生态防护区和生态培育区3个生态功能区;最后,确定生态廊道和战略点。[结果]源地占研究区总面积的3.59%,源地内耕地、园地、林地、草地、水体所占比例分别为0.14%、0.25%、66.86%、17.21%、15.54%;生态保育区占研究区总面积的34.98%,生态保育区内耕地、园地、林地、草地、水体、其他用地所占比例分别为6.73%、8.69%、49.32%、29.57%、3.40%、2.29%;生态防护区占研究区总面积的36.40%,生态防护区内耕地、园地、林地、草地、水体、其他用地所占比例分别为10.31%、18.57%、37.68%、26.67%、1.87%、4.91%;生态培育区占研究区总面积的28.62%,生态培育区内耕地、园地、林地、草地、水体、其他用地所占比例分别为11.31%、15.57%、39.80%、26.70%、2.28%、4.34%;沿景观低阻力区分布有7条生态廊道;有8个战略点。[结论]文章所构建景观生态安全格局基本符合青龙满族自治县实际情况,各景观生态安全格局组分有不同的特点,对应有相应的生态规划对策。     

How to achieve best-practice integrated land-use and safety assurance policy for hazardous on-farm water storage

Communities downstream of hazardous on-farm water storages are at threat because of the severe consequences of potential dam failure. This threat exists due to inadequate development and integration of land-use planning and safety assurance policies in relation to private dams. Adequate policy integration is key to saving lives, public and private property and the environment downstream from dam failure. Whilst numerous studies have explored land-use policy and its relationship to safety, there has been limited attention to the safety risk posed by dams above increased housing development. Thus, this paper aims to explore the interrelated land-use policy and engineering issues associated with planning for and assuring safety of hazardous farm dams involving land developments and how best to integrate the policies. The extent of this problem is demonstrated in the Australian context but also has international relevance. Key guidance on the design of best-practice integrated land-use planning and safety assurance policy is provided based on (1) a comparative review of policy and practice in a wide range of different jurisdictions in Australia against indicative evidence of policy performance to determine best-practice policy elements for integration, and (2) development of a cost-effective flood safety review/design tool to help policymakers and planners with the integration process as well as minimising cost burdens to dam owners. This guidance follows on from previous research reported in this journal to help jurisdictions world-wide address the threats associated with farm dams and land developments within catchments.     

Public-private collaboration for disaster risk management: A case study of hotels in Matsushima,Japan

This research paper focuses on public-private collaboration for disaster risk management in coastal destinations, particularly between the hotel industry and local government. To guide its research, this paper applies collaborative planning theory in developing a research framework to discover gaps between stakeholders attitudes towards collaboration, its outcomes, and obstacles preventing the adoption of specific hotel-based disaster management actions. A case study is used on Matsushima, Japan, a popular coastal destination in the Tohoku Region, which was devastated by the 2011 tsunami. Through surveys and interviews, this study found that hotels can play a key role in working together with the local government towards disaster risk management of coastal destinations. However collaboration gaps between the stakeholders limited the extent of the adoption of hotel-based disaster risk management initiatives.     

巧用临界点进行典型税种的税收筹划

在我国税收法律实务中,有部分税种存在纳税临界点的现象,即应税收入一旦突破临界点反而会造成税负加重,税后净收入下降的事实。纳税人巧用纳税临界点对各税种进行税收筹划,可以达到降低税负、增强自身竞争力的目的。     

Feeling like a State: Design Guidelines and the Legibility of ‘Urban Experience’ in Singapore

This article examines how ‘urban experience’ is objectified and transformed into something that is legible to the state and its experts. It conceptualizes design guidelines as a political technology where bodies of expert knowledge, emplaced in a planning bureaucracy, shape the way the built environment is produced and experienced. Using Singapore as an example of a centralized planning bureaucracy, I analyze how lighting, public art and advertisement signs are targeted to produce a total environment with normative narratives. This article makes two contributions. First, it unpacks the processes that translate different modes of legibility in an attempt to make ‘experience’ legible for planners. The political efficacy of guidelines and pre‐established bureaucratic boundaries means that planners can only intervene through a series of combinations, mediations and approximations. Thus, legibility proceeds in a way that is akin to ‘feeling around’. Second, it foregrounds the ‘middle layer of urban governance’ that is often ignored in the discipline. Guidelines represent one coordinate in a system of political technologies that is concerned with producing the norm, that substrate of urban production mechanized through a series of repetitions, gradations and classifications.     

Route choice and residential environment: introducing liveability requirements in navigation systems in Flanders

Vehicle route planning and navigation systems aim to provide the most beneficial routes to their users while disregarding the impact on the liveability of the surrounding residential areas. Therefore, future integration of route choice behaviour by route planners and measures to improve liveability and safety standards should be pursued. The Spatial Plan for Flanders, which is the overarching spatial policy plan in the northern part of Belgium, determines a system of road categories aimed at optimising the liveability of sensitive areas, such as residential neighbourhoods or school precincts, without jeopardizing accessibility. This paper examines to what extent routes proposed by commercial route planners differ from more socially desirable routes that are guided by the policy principles of road categorisation in Flanders as proposed by the plan. Results show that commercial route-planners’ routes choose more often roads of the lowest category than socially acceptable. However, for some of the assessed connections, the socially desired alternative is a feasible route as well, which is not excessively increasing time consumption or distance travelled. It is concluded that the implementation of the prevailing road categorisation system in Flanders in routing algorithms has the potential to promote more sustainable route choices, while infrastructural measures that discourage cut-through traffic may help materialising the categorisation system.     

信息系统用户满意度研究文献综述——以ERP系统为例

使用结构化文献综述方法,分别以"ERP""user satisfaction"及其组合为关键词,对EBSCO数据库以及信息系统领域的3本权威期刊中自1980年以来有关信息系统用户满意度的文献进行全文检索和标题检索,筛选出43篇文献,从用户满意度的因素、测量和作用3个方面进行系统评述,分析了存在的研究机会。